Although we will mention organic semiconductors in the context of display technology, in this chapter we will emphasize the inorganic semiconductors which, for solid state lighting, are currently the most advanced. The powders were investigated by powder xray diffraction xrd and photoluminescence spectra pl to study the phase composition, structure, and luminescent properties. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting series in optics and. Nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting series in optics. The book provides guidance through the multidisciplinary field of solid state lighting specially phosphate phosphors for beginners, scientists and engineers from universities, research organizations, and especially industry. Their interesting cathodoluminescence properties, such as high stability and reliability against electron bombardment, also enable them to be used in white flat field emission lamps fels.
White light emitting diode is considered to be the next generation of lighting industry due to their long lifetimes, good reability and safety, saving energy and environmental friendly features. Development of a suitable phosphor is an important aspect of ssl. Since the mid1990s, phosphors have played a key role in emerging solid state white lighting technologies that are based on combining a iii nitride based nearuv or blue solid state light source. Since the mid1990s, phosphors have played a key role in emerging solid state white lighting technologies that are based on combining a iii nitride based nearuv or blue solid state light source with downconversion to longer wavelengths. Hence such phosphors are promising for solid state lighting applications. The chapter introduces the problem of white light generation using inorganic phosphors and the structure property relationships in the broad class of phosphor materials, normally containing. New singlephase, white lightemitting phosphors based on. In this thesis, we use firstprinciples calculations to. Nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting 1st edition. Jul 01, 20 phosphors for solidstate white lighting phosphors for solidstate white lighting george, nathan c denault, kristin a seshadri, ram 20701 00. Materials design and properties of nitride phosphors for leds. Advanced nitride materials for ultimate efficiency solid. Therefore, inorganic solidstate conversion phosphors must be precisely selected a.
Phosphate phosphors for solidstate lighting springerlink. Temperature dependent fluorescence of cedoped garnets. Almost all widely used phosphors comprise a crystalline oxide, nitride, or oxynitride host that is appropriately doped with either ce or eu. Ce phosphor with a reputed high quantum efficiency pumped by a blue 450460 nm wavelength source. White light phosphorconverted lightemitting diodes pcleds are obtained via a combination of the transmission of the blue emission through phosphors from blue ingan leds and the broad yellow emission from y 3 al 5 o 12. A novel approach to solid state lighting phosphors was introduced by using ligandbased photoluminescence in hybrid frameworks. Solid state lighting ssl is emerging as a highly competent field and a possible alternative to existing lighting technologies. We start, in this section 1, with a brief history of solidstate lighting ssl. Phosphors for solidstate white lighting phosphors for solidstate white lighting george, nathan c denault, kristin a seshadri, ram 20701 00. Toward scatterfree phosphors in white phosphorconverted. Nitride phosphors, showing very promising photoluminescence properties, are now attracting great attention as downconversion luminescent materials in white light emitting diodes wleds. Design and optimization of phosphors for solidstate lighting. During the last 15 years, great efforts have been made to search for novel nitride and oxynitride phosphors for solid state lighting, and these led to the discovery of a. Design and optimization of phosphors for solidstate lighting using.
Leds, oleds, and their applications in illumination and displays covers a range of solidstate devices, technologies, and. Depending on the design of the package, the phosphor layers may settle, curl. It is found that the larger and more uniform the grains of the phosphor, the higher the emission efficiency. Springeropen has ceased publication of the journal of solid state lighting. While many of these nitride phosphors were based on known oxy nitride compositions, there has also been investigation of nitride and. Setlur t he efficacyof solidstate lighting ssl based upon ingan leds has improved by 10x over the past decade. Advances in solid state white lighting technologies witness the explosive development of phosphor materials downconversion luminescent materials. Solid state lighting better yellow phosphors for blue leds garnets of type ln 3 m 5 o 12 lny,gd.
Blasse, handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earth, ed. Five types of phosphors for led ribbon beam elements in white led lamps have been studied. A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the revolutionary role of the emerging nitride phosphors in producing superior white lightemitting diodes for lighting and display applications. It indicates that all the diffraction peaks coincide well with the data from the jcpds card no. The excitation and emission spectra of the as synthesized phosphors nacapo 4. Stable perovskite coreshell nanocrystals as downconverting phosphors for solidstate lighting lead performer. Led solidstate lighting is poised to take over conventional lighting due to cost savingsthere is pretty much no debate about this. Ce phosphors because the blue and yellow emissions are complementary colors 14. Drawing on their extensive experimental work, the authors offer a multidisciplinary study of phosphor materials that encompasses materials science. Phosphors green gan led blue gan led red gaas led white light multiple leds, rgb. Includes inorganic and organic materials and devices.
Design and optimization of phosphors for solidstate lighting using firstprinciples calculations. Plasmonicenhanced high light extraction phosphor sheets for. Thermal effects in oxynitride phosphors journal of solid. Ssl based upon ingan leds has improved by 10x over. Nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting series in. Solid solution phosphors for use in solid state white. Nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting provides an indepth introduction to the crystal chemistry, synthesis, luminescence, and applications of phosphor materials for solidstate lighting, mainly focusing on new nitride phosphors.
Solidstate lighting ssl is emerging as a highly competent field and a possible alternative to existing lighting technologies. Advanced nitride materials for ultimate efficiency solid state lighting james s. Technologies that control the chemical composition of white lightingemitting diodes are promising means to enhance thermal properties and renew spectra generation. Downconversion nitride materials for solid state lighting. For lighting applications, white light leds are very comparable to sunlight spectrum. The discovery of novel phosphors is key to the development of highly efficient and environmental friendly lightemitting diodes ledbased solidstate lighting. Uptodate and comprehensive coverage of lightemitting materials and devices used in solid state lighting and displays presents the fundamental principles underlying luminescence.
The discovery of novel phosphors is key to the development of highly efficient and environmental friendly lightemitting diodes ledbased solid state lighting. Nitride phosphors as robust emissive materials in white. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, concentration effect, thermaldependent luminescence quenching properties and decay curves are investigated. Although oxy nitride red phosphors have been available for more than a decade, the drawbacks of these devices still evidently remain with respect to the local environments of activators in a variety of nitridosilicates. Proprietary phosphors with high thermal stability have been pursued by formulating with host crystals composed of the identified high hardness building blocks, i. In response to the recent activity in this field, fundamentals of solidstate lighting. Since the mid1990s, phosphors have played a key role in emerging solidstate whitelighting technologies that are based on combining a iiinitridebased nearuv or blue solidstate light source with downconversion to longer wavelengths.
The solidstate lighting ssl revolution embodies a profound shift in how we. Stable perovskite coreshell nanocrystals as downconverting. Studies on synthesis of rare earth phosphors and their. Until now, only a few preparation routes are developed for these nitride phosphors, for example, the conventional solidstate reaction, viz. Phosphors for ledbased solidstate lighting by anant a. Moreover, as this field gets only limited attention in most general books on luminescence, there is a clear need for a book in which attention is. Leds are in the midst of revolutionizing the lighting industry. The quest for phosphors for lighting is one of the most important and urgent challenges to be met by advanced science and high technology, and novel and acceptable fluorescentmaterialbased solidstate lighting ssl must be developed 5. This discovery, however, has largely taken place through painstaking experiments in an edisonian fashion.
The phosphors created show a broad band emission from 430 to 760 nm when excited by existing inganbased blue led and ganbased long wavelength ultraviolet led. Targeting highefficiency phosphors via informatics subject. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Development of phosphor for applications in solid state lighting. Phosphors with narrowband emission are a critical component for high brightness. Among the simplest and most commonly used methods, there is the use of the wellknown yellow yag. Nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting series in optics and optoelectronics kindle edition by xie, rongjun, li, yuan qiang, hirosaki, naoto, yamamoto, hajime.
Phosphor down conversion is the most common strategy to achieve white light using blue light emitting diodes led and phosphors. Luminescent properties of lu moo red phosphor for solid state. Phosphate phosphors for solidstate lighting springer. For both systems that are described as being efficient led phosphors, we show that a detailed examination of the local activator environment in combination with net positive charge calculations for eu with the ehtbmo method allows a qualitative. High luminous efficacy without consuming large amount of energy. Currently, white light leds can be achieved by combining blue, green, and red leds, or by coating the three color phosphors to a uv led or green and red phosphors to a blue led. But using solidstate reaction process to obtain yag. Such phosphors are easy to synthesize, free of toxic materials in production, use and disposals. Various examples have been taken from oxide, fluoride, nitride, sulfide and phosphate based. Phosphor selection considerations for nearuv led solid. The structural and compositional versatility together. In order to produce these excellent nitride phosphors, much efficient nitriding procedure and high active starting materials are strongly required.
Although oxynitride red phosphors have been available for more than a decade, the drawbacks of these devices still evidently remain with respect to the local environments of activators in a. Drawing on their extensive experimental work, the authors offer a multidisciplinary study of phosphor materials that encompasses materials. Nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting crc press book. The assynthesized phosphors could serve as an excellent material for fluorescent and other solidstate lighting applications. Inorganic phosphors for solid state lighting ka wo ho biochemistry major chabot college august 2003 may 2006 university of california, san diego mentor. Solid state lighting ssl is a fast growing technology, which is starting to replace conventional lighting products such as fluorescent and incandescent bulbs. Novel frameworks were prepared using 9,10anthraquinone2,3dicarboxylic acid in combination with calcium, manganese, nickel, and zinc. Inorganic phosphor materials for solid state white light. Temperature dependent fluorescence of cedoped garnets for. Phosphors for ledbased solid state lighting by anant a. Nitride phosphors and solidstate lighting 1st edition rongjun x. Phosphate phosphors for solidstate lighting kartik n. The most similar in color to the white color coordinates of the sample no.
Introduction light emitting diode led based lighting efficient for white light. Optical efficiency characterization of led phosphors using. Drawing on their extensive experimental work, the authors offer a multidisciplinary study of phosphor materials. Osa nitride phosphors as robust emissive materials in white. The phosphor composition and colorimetric parameters have been researched during the experiment. Nitride phosphors and solid state lighting provides an indepth introduction to the crystal chemistry, synthesis, luminescence, and applications of phosphor materials for solid state lighting, mainly focusing on new nitride phosphors. Since the mid1990s, phosphors have played a key role in emerging solidstate white lighting technologies that are based on combining a iii nitride based nearuv or blue solidstate light source. Single crystals for remote phosphor solid state light sources. The intensity, width, durability, and thermal quenching of commercial phosphors for light. This advance could help move solid state lighting ssl into broader applications and market spaces. Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of nacapo4.
Drawing on their extensive experimental work, the authors offer a multidisciplinary study of phosphor materials that encompasses materials science, inorganic. From above literature survey we observed that nacapo 4. Stable and efficient phosphor systems for white lightemitting diodes leds are highly important with respect to their application in solidstate lighting beyond the technical limitations of traditional lighting technologies. Development of phosphor for applications in solid state. Technologies that control the chemical composition of white lighting emitting diodes are promising means to enhance thermal properties and renew spectra generation. Phosphortech corporation kennesaw, ga doe total funding. A high color purity red emitting phosphor cayalo 4.
Phosphors for solidstate white lighting researchgate. Materials for solid state lighting and displays wiley. Parameters investigation of phosphors for solid state lighting. In order to make it useful for a wide audience, both fundamentals and applications are discussed, together. Although we will mention organic semiconductors in the context of display technology, in this chapter we will emphasize the inorganic semiconductors which, for. Design and optimization of phosphors for solidstate. White light is composed of blue, green and red colors. Home stable perovskite coreshell nanocrystals as downconverting phosphors for solidstate lighting lead performer. Setlur t he efficacyof solid state lighting ssl based upon ingan leds has improved by 10x over the past decade. While the current efficiency of some commercial ssl products has surpassed those of most traditional lighting, it is still far below what the technology is theoretically capable of. Phosphoringlasses composites containing light diffusers for high color uniformity.
Us9546319b2 phosphors, such as new narrowband red emitting. M m eu, mn and rare earth re phosphor is applicable for solid state lighting ssl. Leds that use the solid solution series phosphors are expected to have good color rendering properties with a wide spectral range and high efficiency for white lighting. Sandia has developed redemitting phosphors that will help to transform the cold blue of many current lightemitting diodes leds into the warm white that is preferred for general lighting. Denault,3,4 and ram seshadri1,3,4 1mitsubishi chemical center for advanced materials. Structure, luminescence, and application of a robust. Luminescent properties of lu moo red phosphor for solid. Concentration dependence of luminescent properties for. Nitride and oxynitride phosphors for light emitting diodes. Preparation and luminescence properties of na4casi3o9. Development of phosphors with high thermal stability and. The book begins with an introduction to the principles, semiconductorphosphor materials, and characterizations of solidstate lighting and white lightemitting.